GLOSSARY
-
One conductor per cable. Three separate cables are used for a circuit, one each for A phase, B phase and C phase. Also known as single-core.
-
Three conductors per cable. This is the same as three separate conductors, except that the conductors are encased with an insulated overall outer jacket effectively forming one cable. The cable may or may not have an interstitial ground wire.
-
Deactivating an equipment from a one-line diagram is equivalent to turning the equipment out of service. The data remains in the database but is omitted from analysis. Sometimes, it is more convenient to deactivate and activate equipment than delete it from the diagram and re-enter it later. Deactivating turns the status off in the equipment database.
-
Inherent availability (used in Reliability).
-
American National Standards Institute. EasyPower follows many ANSI standards for calculation procedures. See IEEE.
-
Numeric designations in bus database records that are interpreted according to your company conventions. You can assign different buses to different areas and generate reports specific to the areas. Zones are subsets of areas.
-
Text file in ASCII format. (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
-
The basic configuration of any power system one-line. Other scenarios (one-line configurations) are variations of the base case.
-
Electrical circuit elements such as feeders (conductors, cables, busways), transformers and series reactors, which are terminated by two or more buses. Branches convey power.
-
A node, connection point or a bus bar, with rated voltage specified. All equipment items are connected to buses.
-
A command inside a dialog or on the program toolbar which can be selected by pressing with the mouse key, the box with the command name or icon inside it. The button appears to protrude from the dialog box.
-
Computer aided drafting.
-
A choice that can be selected (or an option that can be enabled) by clicking on the hollow square. A check sign (ü) appears in the box.
-
Action of making the right side of a curve not appear beyond the given amp value.
-
The maximum asymmetrical current capability of a medium or high voltage circuit breaker or switch to close and immediately thereafter latch closed for normal-frequency making current.
-
Command options available to any particular context, operation, or window. Usually a right mouse click displays the context menu.
-
Having infinite number of choices in a range. Opposite – discrete.
-
In this focus you can add or delete equipment on the one-line, and edit the data of the equipment.
-
Values or settings used by the program in the absence of user defined values or settings.
-
A separator character. For example, in a list of numbers the comma is frequently used as the "delimiter" between numbers. In EasyPower a delimiter is used for automatically generated ID names during Group Copy.
-
Reduction in the current carrying capacity of cables, conductors or transformers because of the extra losses caused by harmonic currents and voltages.
-
A relay function that is meant to trip during a certain system condition. Examples: ground time-overcurrent trip (51G), phase time-overcurrent trip (51), phase instantaneous trip (50), thermal overload trip (49), etc., are device functions.
-
A window for user interface. You can select commands, enter data, select options and settings using a dialog box.
-
Having fixed number choices at fixed values in a range. Opposite – continuous.
-
The action of pressing the mouse key and moving the mouse. Items on the one-line can be dragged to re-position them.
-
System fault point voltage, usually in per unit (PU).
-
The maximum rms short circuit current a circuit breaker, fuse or switch carries.
-
Drawing interchange file format. A file format used by the program AutoCAD to save drawings.
-
Eddy current factor.
-
A box in a dialog where user can enter data such as a value or ID Name.
-
Motor efficiency.
-
A type of DXF file that does not have a header. By itself, the file is incomplete since it does not have a block library definition.
-
Ethylene propylene rubber (HV cable insulation).
-
Ethylene propylene rubber with 133% insulation (HV cable insulation).
-
Non-jacketed ethylene propylene rubber (HV cable insulation).
-
Non-jacketed ethylene propylene rubber with 133% insulation (HV cable insulation).
-
Shielded ethylene propylene rubber (HV cable insulation).
-
Shielded ethylene propylene rubber with 133% insulation (HV cable insulation).
-
Toolbar with buttons to insert various equipment on the one-line. This is available only in the Database Edit focus.
-
The groupings of all items in the database that have the same item type. For example, all buses are in the Bus table, all cables are in the Cable table, and so on.
-
A type of software where the behavior simulates the benefit of having a recognized "expert" in the field advising you. The training and experience of that human expert is built into the program.
-
Short circuit.
-
The action of creating a short circuit in the program.
-
A breaker, switch, or fuse that goes between a bus and some attached equipment. See also tie breaker.
-
Settings File—properties from the menu that generally apply to only the current file.
-
Full load amps (the rated continuous current).
-
The type of analysis EasyPower is doing, or the mode the program is in. The different focuses are Database Edit, Short Circuit, Power Flow, Coordination, and Harmonics.
-
Frame size (in amps) of circuit breakers (low voltage).
-
A plot showing how a system responds to an injected current for a range of frequencies. This is also an impedance plot, where the impedance is a function of frequency.
-
Primarily a fuse used for interrupting faults, but can be switched on or off for load currents.
-
That affects the entire one-line database, or any operation.
-
Graphical array on the one-line, represented by dots (points), to assist in aligning items while creating drawing.
-
A motor modeled in EasyPower to represent a group of motors.
-
Hydro generator without amortisseur winding (same as SP).
-
Total harmonic distortion in current.
-
Interlocked armor aluminum (pertains to cables).
-
Interlocked armor steel (pertains to cables).
-
Insulated case circuit breaker.
-
Unique identifier name for any equipment type in the EasyPower database (one-line).
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. Many IEEE standards are also ANSI standards. See ANSI.
-
Induction generator type.
-
Typical circuit breakers interrupt the fault current about 5 cycles after initiation of fault. Therefore, interrupting cycle is calculated as 5 cycles after a fault has occurred. The asymmetrical interrupting current is less than the momentary current and higher than the 30-cycle current as a result of decay in transients.
-
Root sum of squares of harmonics in current.
-
Power systems in the one-line database not connected with each other.
-
Inductive influence of harmonic currents on a telephone system expressed in terms of the product of a current’s root mean square magnitude (I), in amperes, times its telephone influence weighting factor (TIF).
-
Ratio of maximum rated voltage to the lower limit of the range of operating voltage in which the required symmetrical and asymmetrical interrupting capabilities vary in inverse proportion to the operating voltage.
-
A component of the ANSI Standard C57.110-1986 transformer derating equation, and more commonly used to classify the harmonic carrying capability of a transformer.
-
A data file in Microsoft Access, and part of EasyPower software, that contains information on protective device ratings and trip characteristics, cable insulation, conductor derating, arc flash hazard data and panel and MCC schedules.
-
Short circuit condition at the end of a branch such that the branch is no longer connected to the bus at the faulted end.
-
Load tap changer (of a transformer).
-
Low voltage power circuit breaker.
-
Messenger aerial cable.
-
Motor control center. MCC’s typically are enclosures that include circuit protection unit (fuse/circuit breaker), motor starters, contactors, bus bars and instrumentation and feeders to motors.
-
Molded case circuit breaker.
-
A group of various commands listed as text buttons, usually at the top of the program window.
-
Manufacturer (of equipment). Equipment data in the library is stored in the hierarchy Mfr à Type à Style.
-
A momentary fault current is the current during the first half cycle.
-
This is the rated momentary current of a switch in rms total current which the switch can carry for at least one cycle. This current includes the dc component.
-
No ac decrement ratio.
-
Trip unit that is not made of electronic (solid state) devices. Typically, magnetic trip devices with time delay produced by hydraulic or pneumatic friction.
-
Single line diagram in which all three phases are inclusive.
-
The proportion of the loading capability of any equipment, which when exceeded causes the program to display a warning indicating equipment overload or proximity to overload.
-
Move (slide) the contents of the window.
-
Point of common coupling.
-
Power factor.
-
Paper insulated lead sheath (HV cable insulation).
-
Paper insulated lead sheath with 133% insulation (HV cable insulation).
-
In Coordination focus, a plot is a time-current plot showing TCC curves. In Harmonics focus, a plot could be a frequency scan or summation bar chart. In Harmonics focus, plots need to be defined before plotting.
-
The rating (amps) of the device which is plugged in the trip unit of the circuit breaker to limit the maximum Long Time Trip amps.
-
Point of connection.
-
Constant power constant VAR generator. The voltage is varied to keep these values constant. See PV and swing.
-
Files destined for a particular printer, where all the necessary information to print is built into the file. A separate program can then spool them to the printer without any interaction with the application that created it.
-
Constant power constant voltage model of generator. The reactive power (VARs) is altered to keep the power and voltage constant. See PQG and swing.
-
Polyvinyl chloride (LV cable insulation).
-
Exponent of harmonic number for resistance factor.
-
Zero sequence reactance.
-
Positive sequence resistance.
-
The voltage level through which the current is to be viewed in a time-current plot, using the concept of transformation ratio of transformers. Example: A 100 amp current at 13.8kV is shown as 2875 amps (100*13.8/0.48 = 2875 amps) at a reference kV of 0.48kV. Each TCC plot has a reference kV which you can define.
-
Any bus other than the faulted bus in short circuit analysis.
-
Rubber insulated, heat resistant, 75oC.
-
Heat resistant rubber (LV cable insulation).
-
Moisture and heat resistant rubber (LV cable insulation).
-
Revolutions per minute.
-
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA data is derived from real time, or metered data, and converted to an ASCII format which can be read into EasyPower.
-
The factor which scales down the connected load.
-
A scenario is a variation of the one-line from the base case or alternative system configuration.
-
Slider bar to move (horizontally or vertically) the display area in any window.
-
CT rating (amps) for trip unit of circuit breakers (low voltage).
-
Time delay setting in addition to the time dial (time multiplier) in some electronic relays. The shift multiplier shifts the time delay of the relay.
-
Abnormal and undesired condition of current (usually with high magnitude) passing through conductors touching each other or through failed insulation.
-
Position objects to certain points on the drawing. When the Snap feature is enabled, inserted objects will position themselves at the grid points and not between the grid points. If the Snap feature is disabled, then you can position the objects anywhere between the grid points
-
Power flow is solved using iterative approach. After each iteration, the power flow through a bus is compared. If there is higher mismatch in power flow than the specified threshold, then the program will execute the next iteration. If the mismatch is less than the specified threshold for every bus, then the power flow is solved.
-
The wheel on a standard Microsoft mouse. By spinning this wheel, you can scroll (up-down) or zoom (in-out).
-
The process of reading print files or plot files and sending the information character by character to the output device.
-
Array of data cells in programs.
-
Solid state trip (associated with low voltage circuit breakers such as LVPCB, MCCB and ICCB).
-
Tells the program whether the equipment is in service (status On) or out of service (status Off). This status determines whether the equipment is activated or deactivated.
-
Area where information is displayed at the bottom of window describing coordinates, values, settings, and so on.
-
Equipment name by design, rating or application.
-
Calculation of the effect of harmonic currents for all frequencies from all harmonics sources.
-
A swing source is a utility supply or generator in which the real power flow is not fixed and the bus voltage is fixed. In any power flow solution, the net real and reactive powers cannot be fixed in advance at every bus because the losses in the system are not known until the solution is complete. The swing or "slack" sources supply the difference between the given real and reactive power into the system at the other buses and total system output plus the losses in the system.
-
Pictorial representations used on the one-line diagram.
-
Symmetrical amps are the current that has purely an AC component. Asymmetrical amps have both AD and DC components. The DC component is transient and decays with time.
-
3-phase quantities (currents, voltages, and so on) expressed in terms of positive, negative and zero sequence components. These are mathematical transforms of the phase quantities.
-
Synchronous condenser (generator type).
-
Distributed pole synchronous (generator type).
-
Salient pole without amortisseur winding (generator type).
-
Salient pole with amortisseur winding (generator type).
-
Typically, the time-overcurrent pickup of a relay. Tap could also pertain to tap settings in a transformer for setting voltage ratio, or the tap setting in a current transformer (sensor) to scale down the current.
-
Time-current curve.
-
A directory that is temporarily used to store information while a program is running. When the program is done with that information, it is automatically deleted. This directory should be located on a drive that has plenty of free disk space.
-
Data changed temporarily during analysis. Data can be changed through Temporary Data dialogs. This is not stored permanently in the database. For example, you can change the scaling factor or the motor start parameters in Power Flow analysis.
-
Heat resistant thermoplastic (LV cable insulation).
-
Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic (LV cable insulation).
-
Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic (LV cable insulation).
-
Arrow placed in time-current plots to indicate a certain amp value at a given time (or cycles). Tick marks are used to represent short circuit values.
-
A circuit breaker, switch, or fuse that connects two buses. See also feeder breaker.
-
Coordinates (current-time pairs) that define the TCC of any device.
-
Delay setting in conventional electro-mechanical relays for time-overcurrent trip functions. Modern relays have the “time multiplier” setting for the same purpose.
-
The bottom block of a TCC plot in which the plot descriptions are provided.
-
Group of various command buttons for a program in the form of icons or symbols.
-
Setting Tools—options to change configurations that generally apply to all files.
-
ANSI standard for testing protective devices where equipment is rated in total amps (asymmetrical) or in symmetrical amps.
-
The type of equipment, brand or a group of styles.
-
A short circuit or power flow value that falls outside a range you specify.
-
The dip in bus voltage due to short circuit on another bus. When voltage sensitivity feature is enabled in EasyPower, the buses with voltages lower than a specified threshold is highlighted red in the one-line diagram.
-
Root sum of squares of voltages of all harmonics including fundamental.
-
Linear sum of RMS voltages to generate an estimate of peak voltage.
-
Total harmonic distortion (in percent of fundamental) in voltage, calculated as root sum of squares of harmonics other than fundamental.
-
Influence of harmonic voltages on a telephone system expressed in terms of the product of a voltage’s root mean square magnitude, times its telephone influence weighting factor (TIF), expressed in per unit of VRSS.
-
Method of finding ID Names with any character when performing a query. A wildcard character can represent any character.
-
An acronym for "What You See Is What You Get." This term is applied to modern text and graphic editors that show things on the screen the same what they will be printed
-
The ratio of rated frequency reactance and effective resistance to be used for short circuit calculations.
-
Transient reactance on generators MVA base.
-
Subtransient reactance on generators MVA base.
-
Zero sequence inductive reactance.
-
Zero sequence reactance on generators MVA base.
-
Positive sequence inductive reactance.
-
Positive sequence capacitive reactance.
-
Zero sequence capacitive reactance.
-
Moisture and heat resistant crosslinked synthetic polymer. This is the 480 volt equivalent of XLPE (LV cable insulation).
-
Crosslinked polyethylene (HV cable insulation).
-
Crosslinked polyethylene with 133% insulation (HV cable insulation).
-
Non-jacketed crosslinked polyethylene (HV cable insulation).
-
Non-jacketed crosslinked polyethylene with 133% insulation (HV cable insulation).
-
Locked rotor impedance for induction machines.
-
Zones are subset of areas. See area.
-
Enlarging or reducing the appearance of any drawing or plot on the monitor. Zooming in is enlarging the appearance whereas zooming out is reducing.
1
3
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
V
W
X
Z
